Install an configure tacacs+ on Debian 8 – part 1
November 17, 2016
Hello,
Bellow is a script I put together to notify users via e-mail about their domain account password expiration.
The script is set to:
- notify users when there are 7 or 3 or 1 days left until the password will expire;
- create ticket via e-mail when there are 7, 3, 1 days left until the password will expire, but there’s no e-mail address set for that account;
- create ticket via e-mail when password already expired ( this can be easily changed to “spam” the user). Please note this will basically open a ticket/day until the problem is solved.
- create ticket via e-mail when password already expired and also there’s no e-mail address set for that account. Please note this will basically open a ticket/day until the problem is solved.
So, basically, the script is composed of 5 files: the main script, handling the data and 4 “e-mail templates”, 1 for each situation described above.
Some problems I encountered while working on this script:
- You will probably want to exclude from the accounts to be verified the following:
- guest and administrator accounts
- service accounts
- other accounts, which, for whatever reason, have the password set to never expire.
- while retrieving the data, you will need to escape [count] from the array generated by ldap_get_entries function. I solved this by using a little function. Others may consider something else.
Prerequisites:
- you will need a service account set in your AD;
- a webserver to handle the PHP and PHP Ldap ( I used Debian 8 & Lamp ). For an easy tutorial, please check this link
- access to the system crontab ( or, if using other OS, a way to schedule the script to run once every day ) . Check this link if you need help understanding the crontab mechanism.
Main script:
I tried to document all steps in the script, however, you can just remove the comments.
Also, make sure you are using a correct base dn, that includes all the user accounts.
<?php
/*
SCRIPT : ldap_notify_expire_pass.php
AUTHOR : Marin Nedea
WEBSITE : http://urbanlinux.com
BLOG : http://urbanlinux.com
CREATED : 09-11-2016
COMMENT : Script to notify AD users via e-mail when
their password is about to expire or to
notify the admins team via e-mail/ticket.
LICENSE : Copyright (C) 2016 - Marin Nedea @ http://urbanlinux.com
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
set_time_limit(30);
ini_set('error_reporting', E_ALL);
ini_set('display_errors',0);
// LDAP server config
$ldapserver = 'example.com';
$ldapuser = 'serviceuser';
$ldappass = 'password_here';
$base_dn = 'CN=Users,DC=example,DC=com';
// Connect to AD
$ldapconn = ldap_connect($ldapserver) or die('Could not connect to LDAP server.');
// Using LDAP version 3. Change the version to 2 if needed
ldap_set_option($ldapconn, LDAP_OPT_PROTOCOL_VERSION, 3);
// If you try to perform the searches on Windows 2003 Server Active Directory or above, it seems that you have to set the LDAP_OPT_REFERRALS option to 0.
// Without this, you will get "Operations error" if you try to search the whole AD (using root of the domain as a $base_dn).
ldap_set_option($ldapconn, LDAP_OPT_REFERRALS, 0);
if($ldapconn) {
// Binding to AD
$ldapbind = ldap_bind($ldapconn, $ldapuser, $ldappass) or die ('Error trying to bind: '.ldap_error($ldapconn));
// If bind was successful
if ($ldapbind) {
// echo 'Connected to LDAP server<br /><br />';
/*
I know that (objectCategory=person) and (objectClass=user) are kind of redundant, but the result will be correct;
Remove from the search the default Guest account, the Adminstrator Account, the group containing the Service
Accounts and the accounts marked for deletion.
*/
//Set a search filter
$filter='(&(objectCategory=person)(objectClass=user)(!(sAMAccountName=Guest))(!(sAMAccountName=Administrator)))';
// Set an array of attributes you wish to retrieve for each entry
$attrs = array('cn', 'displayname', 'sn', 'givenname', 'mail', 'samaccountname', 'pwdlastset', 'useraccountcontrol', 'memberof');
// Set the search
$result = ldap_search($ldapconn, $base_dn, $filter, $attrs) or die ('Error in search query: '.ldap_error($ldapconn));
// Get an array containg the results
$data = ldap_get_entries($ldapconn, $result);
// Function to remove [count] from the ldap_get_entries result
// See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5997815/php-strip-count-value-from-array for details.
function rCountRemover($arr) {
foreach($arr as $key=>$val) {
// (int)0 == "count", so we need to use ===
if($key === "count")
unset($arr[$key]);
elseif(is_array($val))
$arr[$key] = rCountRemover($arr[$key]);
}
return $arr;
}
// Renew $data array using the function above
$data = rCountRemover($data);
// Print number of entries found
// echo 'Results: ' . ldap_count_entries($ldapconn, $result) . '<br />;
// Get the data parsed for each entry
foreach($data as $key => $value) {
$user_display_name = ucfirst($userinfo['displayname'][0];
$username = $value['samaccountname'][0];
$user_email = $value['mail'][0];
// Get the time since last password change
$fileTime = $value['pwdlastset'][0];
$winSecs = (int)($fileTime / 10000000); // divide by 10 000 000 to get seconds
$unixTimestamp = ($winSecs - 11644473600); // 1.1.1600 -> 1.1.1970 difference in seconds
$timestamp = date(DateTime::RFC822, $unixTimestamp); // time passed since Last Password Change
$date2 = date_create($timestamp);
$datetime2 = date_format($date2, 'Y-m-d');
$since = strtotime($datetime2);
$today = time();
$difference = $today - $since;
// Get the number of days till the password will expire
$expire_days = floor($difference / (60 * 60 * 24));
// Get the remaining days till the password expire
$remaining_days = 90 - $expire_days;
/*
In order to avoid spam ( you don't wanna send an e-mail every day, do you?), I decided
to send e-mails when the remainig days until the password will expire are 1, 3 or 7.
So .. I'm making a simple array containg the numbers 1,3 7
*/
$a = array(1,3,7);
// checking if the value of $expire_days will match values in our array $a
if (in_array(''.$expire_days.'', $a)){
// Preparing to send e-mail. We need to check if we have an e-amil address to send to.
// Also, please check https://css-tricks.com/sending-nice-html-email-with-php/ for information
// on sending HTML formated e-mail.
if(empty($user_email)){
/*
If there's no e-mail address set for the user, we need to notify someone (an admin member, or
a ticketing system) by e-mail, to update the account for that user with an e-mail address.
We are using OTRS as ticketing system here, so I set an e-mail account on our e-mail server
just for the OTRS, and I'm fetching in OTRS the e-mails every 5 minutes.
The advantage of this is that, in case the e-mail address of your recipient is set wrong in
the Active Directory, when sending the e-mail you will also get an error reply mail on your
inbox. Since OTRS is fetching the e-mails in that inbox, it will creat a ticket and let you know
that a specific e-mail address is incorrect/doesn't exists.
If you are using a different method, you could use, with similar result, a service e-mail account that
everyone in your team is reading frequently.
*/
// Setting the $user_email to a hardcoded value, corresponding to our ticketing system/service e-maila ccount
$user_email = 'ticketing@example.com';
// Including the formated e-mail to create a ticket.
include('ticketing_mail.php');
/*
echo '<pre>';
echo $username.'<br />';
echo $user_email.'<br />';
echo $remaining_days.'<br />';
echo 'creating ticket - email empty<br />';
echo '</pre>';
*/
} else {
// Including the script to send e-mail to the user
include('reset_pass_mail.php');
/*
echo '<pre>';
echo $username.'<br />';
echo $user_email.'<br />';
echo $remaining_days.'<br />';
echo 'notify user - will expire pass<br />';
echo '</pre>';
*/
}
} else if($expire_days > 90){ // If password already expired
if(empty($user_email)){
// Setting the $user_email to a hardcoded value, corresponding to our ticketing system/service e-maila ccount
$user_email = 'ticketing@example.com';
// Including the formated e-mail to create a ticket.
include('ticketing_expired_no_email_mail.php');
/*
echo '<pre>';
echo $username.'<br />';
echo $user_email.'<br />';
echo $remaining_days.'<br />';
echo 'creating ticket - email empty and password expired<br />';
echo '</pre>';
*/
} else {
// Create a ticket in ticketing system, letting know the admins the user
// didn't renew his password.
include('expire_password_ticketing_mail.php');
/*
echo '<pre>';
echo $username.'<br />';
echo $user_email.'<br />';
echo $remaining_days.'<br />';
echo 'creating ticket - password expired<br />';
echo '</pre>';
*/
}
} /* // Uncomment this if you wish to list the accounts without password problems.
else { // Close if password already expired
echo '<pre>';
echo $username.'<br />';
echo $user_email.'<br />';
echo $remaining_days.'<br />';
echo 'All OK<br />';
echo '</pre>';
}
*/
// NOTE:
// You need to replace "-fserver_email@example.com" with your actual e-mail account used to send
// e-mails.
// Please make sure you keep the "-f" (envelope FROM: ) in front of the e-mail address! If your e-mail
// is, let's say, no-reply@example.com, in the script you should have "-fno-reply@example.com". Please check
// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/179014/how-to-change-envelope-from-address-using-php-mail for more.
// Sending the actual mail
mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers, '-fserver_email@example.com');
} // close foreach
} else { // Close if bind
echo 'LDAP bind failed...';
}
} // close LDAP connection
ldap_close($ldapconn);
?>E-mail templates:
Case 1: password about to expire, the account has an e-mail address set.
<?php
/*
SCRIPT : will_expire_with_email.php
AUTHOR : Marin Nedea
WEBSITE : http://urbanlinux.com
BLOG : http://urbanlinux.com
CREATED : 09-11-2016
COMMENT : This is a mail template used to notify users via
e-mail when their AD password is about to expire.
LICENSE : Copyright (C) 2016 - Marin Nedea @ http://urbanlinux.com
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
$subject = 'Your Domain Account password is about to expire in '. $expire_days .' days';
// Prepare the e-mail to be sent
$headers = 'MIME-Version: 1.0' . "\r\n";
$headers .= 'Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8' . "\r\n";
$headers .= 'To:<'.$usermailaddress.'>'."\r\n";
$headers .= 'From: Support Team <no-reply@example.com>' . "\r\n";
$headers .= 'Subject:'.$subject.''."\r\n";
$message = '<html>
<body>
<p>Hello ' .$user_display_name.', <br />
<br />
The password for your Domain account ' .$username. ' will expire in ' .$expire_days.' days.
<br /><br />
<p>
To change your domain Account password, please <a href="#">click here</a> and follow instructions in the page.<br />
If you are unable to change the password, for whatever reason, please open a ticket to us via the ticketing system.<br /><br />
<strong>Please note this is an automated e-mail and <i>shall</i> not be replied!</strong><br /><br />
<br />
Best Regards,<br />
The Support Team
</p>
</body>
</html>';
?>Case 2: Password about to expire, the account has no e-mail address set, opening ticket.
<?php
/*
SCRIPT : will_expire_no_email.php
AUTHOR : Marin Nedea
WEBSITE : http://urbanlinux.com
BLOG : http://urbanlinux.com
CREATED : 09-11-2016
COMMENT : This is a mail template used to notify admins via
e-mail/ticket when someone's AD account password
is about to expire, but there's no e-mail address
set for that account.
LICENSE : Copyright (C) 2016 - Marin Nedea @ http://urbanlinux.com
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
$subject = 'The password for the Domain Account ' .$username. ' will expire in '. $expire_days .' days';
// Prepare the e-mail to be sent
$headers = 'MIME-Version: 1.0' . "\r\n";
$headers .= 'Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8' . "\r\n";
$headers .= 'To:<tickets@example.com>'."\r\n";
$headers .= 'From: Support Team <support@example.com>' . "\r\n";
$headers .= 'Subject:'.$subject.''."\r\n";
$message = '<html>
<body>
<p>Hello ' .$user_display_name.', <br />
<br />
The password for the Domain account ' .$username. ' will expire in ' . $expire_days .' days but there\'s no e-mail address set for this account.
<br /><br />
<p>
Please verify if the account and update the e-mail address.<br /><br />
<strong>Please note this is an automated e-mail and <i>shall</i> not be replied!</strong><br /><br />
<br />
Best Regards,<br />
The Support Team
</p>
</body>
</html>';
?>Case 3: Password expired – opening ticket.
<?php
/*
SCRIPT : expired_with_mail.php
AUTHOR : Marin Nedea
WEBSITE : http://urbanlinux.com
BLOG : http://urbanlinux.com
CREATED : 09-11-2016
COMMENT : This is a mail template used to notify admins via
e-mail/ticket when someone's AD account password
is already expired.
LICENSE : Copyright (C) 2016 - Marin Nedea @ http://urbanlinux.com
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
$subject = 'The password for the Domain Account ' .$username. ' expired';
// Prepare the e-mail to be sent
$headers = 'MIME-Version: 1.0' . "\r\n";
$headers .= 'Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8' . "\r\n";
$headers .= 'To:<tickets@example.com>'."\r\n";
$headers .= 'From: Support Team <support@example.com>' . "\r\n";
$headers .= 'Subject:'.$subject.''."\r\n";
$message = '<html>
<body>
<p>Hello ' .$user_display_name.', <br />
<br />
The password for the Domain account ' .$username. ' expired ' . $remaining_days .' days ago.
<br /><br />
<p>
Please verify if the account owner still needs this account.<br /><br />
<strong>Please note this is an automated e-mail and <i>shall</i> not be replied!</strong><br /><br />
<br />
Best Regards,<br />
The Support Team
</p>
</body>
</html>';
?>Case 4: Password expired and also account has no e-mail address set – opening ticket.
<?php
/*
SCRIPT : expired_no_email.php
AUTHOR : Marin Nedea
WEBSITE : http://urbanlinux.com
BLOG : http://urbanlinux.com
CREATED : 09-11-2016
COMMENT : This is a mail template used to notify admins via
e-mail/ticket when someone's AD account password
is already expired, but there's no e-mail address
set for that account.
LICENSE : Copyright (C) 2016 - Marin Nedea @ http://urbanlinux.com
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
$subject = 'The password for the Domain Account ' .$username. ' expired';
// Prepare the e-mail to be sent
$headers = 'MIME-Version: 1.0' . "\r\n";
$headers .= 'Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8' . "\r\n";
$headers .= 'To:<tickets@example.com>'."\r\n";
$headers .= 'From: Support Team <support@example.com>' . "\r\n";
$headers .= 'Subject:'.$subject.''."\r\n";
$message = '<html>
<body>
<p>Hello ' .$user_display_name.', <br />
<br />
The password for the Domain account ' .$username. ' expired ' . $remaining_days .' days ago.<br />
Also, please note there is no e-mail address set for this account.
<br /><br />
<p>
Please verify if the account owner still needs this account.<br />
<br />
<strong>Please note this is an automated e-mail and <i>shall</i> not be replied!</strong><br /><br />
<br />
Best Regards,<br />
The Support Team
</p>
</body>
</html>';
?>Now, once you have the whole script, upload it to your web server to the directory you usually keep your custom apps/scrips ( e.g /usr/local ).
Now, to have your script run every day at a specific time, make a new entry in crontab. To do that, open a shell to your server with:
$ crontab -e
and add the following line at the end of the crontab file
10 1 * * * /usr/bin/php5 /usr/local/ldap_notify/ldap_notify_expire_pass.php
The above line will have the script “/usr/local/ldap_notify/ldap_notify_expire_pass.php” run every day, at 01:10 AM .
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Marin Nedea
I'm passionate about open source software and technologies. In my spare time I build simple and functional websites from scratch, using PHP+HTML5+CSS3+MySQL and when I'm bored, I write simple PHP_CLI or bash scripts to play around on my Linux machine.
1 Comment
Hi, I use a company called m247. The link to the plan I use is: https://www.m247.ro/en/personal-ssd-hosting.php (the 11 Euro/year one). For a starting blog I think is more than enough. BTW.. sorry for the late reply.